Tracing the historical and ideological roots of ISIS: Shi’ite or Sunni?

Makrum, Makrum (2016) Tracing the historical and ideological roots of ISIS: Shi’ite or Sunni? Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 6 (2). pp. 210-240. ISSN 2406-825X

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Abstract

This article describes a comprehensive study of ISIS (the Islamic States of Iraq and Syiria) by examining both their historical and ideological roots, Shi’ite or Sunni–including their patterns and terror motives and also by mapping their doctrinal understanding that they adopt. The data stem from various studies, books and news that are widely spread in mass media by literature study (library research). This study was inspired by the emergence of ISIS which in recent years has shocked the world for their savagery and ferocity in committing the murder. Moreover, their leader (Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi) has declared himself as the caliph and called on Muslims worldwide to join them. That issue has been a controversy across the Muslim world; many Muslim groups accepted and joined the ISIS, while others rejected its presence. Based on these library research results, it can be inferred that, historically ISIS has existed since 2004 and the origin of ISIS cannot be separated from the existence of Tawhid wa alJihad. In terms of doctrine, the concept of shared leadership of ISIS tends to lead to Sunnis, although al-Baghdadi himself does not meet the criteria to be appointed as caliph. Personally, al-Baghdadi does not posses the leadership capacity required as a caliph, based on one of the caliph’s criteria, that is ‘adalah (justice) that he does not have. Artikel ini, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, mengkaji akar sejarah dan ideologi ISIS, Syi’ah atau Sunni–termasuk di dalamnya pola dan motif teror–, kemudian memetakan paham doktrinal yang mereka anut agar diperoleh kajian yang komprehensif tentang ISIS. Data diperoleh dari studi kepustakaan …

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